1. Team Composition: A volleyball team consists of six players on the court at a time. Each team can have additional players on the bench as substitutes.
2. Court Setup: The court is a rectangular area divided into two halves by a net. The dimensions of the court are 59 feet (18 meters) long and 29.5 feet (9 meters) wide. The net is placed in the middle, extending from one sideline to the other, and is set at a height of 7 feet 4 1/8 inches (2.24 meters) for women's competition and 7 feet 11 5/8 inches (2.43 meters) for men's competition.
3. Scoring: A team scores a point by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent's court or when the opposing team commits a fault. The first team to reach 25 points (with a two-point advantage) wins the set. In some cases, if the set reaches 24-24, the set continues until one team has a two-point advantage and wins the set.
4. Rotation: The players must rotate positions on the court in a clockwise manner whenever they win a rally and gain the right to serve. This ensures that all players have an opportunity to play in different positions.
5. Serving: The right to serve is determined by a coin toss or a predetermined order. The server stands behind the end line and hits the ball over the net into the opponent's court. The server must serve from within the service area and must not step on or over the end line until after making contact with the ball.
6. Rally: Once the ball is served, the teams have a maximum of three hits to return the ball back over the net. Typically, the three-hit combination involves a bump (forearm pass), a set (overhead pass), and a spike (attacking hit), but any combination of hits is allowed as long as no player hits the ball twice in succession. The objective is to prevent the ball from touching the ground on their side of the court.
7. Ball In and Out of Play: The ball is in play from the moment it is served until a point is scored or a fault is committed. If the ball lands on the boundary lines, it is considered in play. If the ball lands outside the boundary lines or hits an object outside the court, it is out of play.
8. Faults: Various faults can occur during a game, resulting in points awarded to the opposing team. Common faults include serving out of bounds, carrying or lifting the ball, touching the net, stepping over the centerline, and committing foot faults during the serve.
These are the basic rules of volleyball. There are more specific rules regarding substitutions, time-outs, and violations that may vary depending on the level of play and the governing body organizing the competition.
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